Sexually Transmitted Infections in Bangladesh: A Narrative Synthesis of Multidimensional Impact

Background:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a global public health
challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries where
social, economic, and structural factors increase vulnerability.
Objective:
The objective of this narrative review was to synthesize evidence on the
epidemiology, determinants, multidimensional impacts, and prevention
strategies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Bangladesh.
Methods:
A narrative literature review of studies published from 2000 to 2024 was
conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Ten
studies met inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using qualitative
content analysis, categorizing themes into epidemiology, determinants,
impacts, and control strategies.
Results:
HIV appeared in 20% of studies, mostly among people who inject
drugs, while 60% reported high prevalence of other STIs among female
sex workers. Structural determinants such as poverty and inequality
were identified in 30% of studies, and behavioural factors such as low
condom use in 20%. Health complications (60%), social stigma (20%),
and gender-related vulnerability (20%) were documented. Prevention
strategies were discussed in 70% of studies, but were mostly
population-specific rather than integrated.
Conclusion:
STIs in Bangladesh are influenced by behavioural, social, and structural
determinants. Integrated, inclusive, and evidence-based interventions
addressing both individual and societal risk factors are necessary to
prevent future escalation.